Cytisine is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus. Cytisine is a partial agonist of α4β2 nAChRs[1], and a partial to full agonist at β4 containing receptors and α7 receptors[2]. has been used medically to help with smoking cessation[3].
Cytisine is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea, or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. It has a role as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a phytotoxin, and a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a secondary amino compound, a lactam, and a bridged compound.|Cytisine is an alkaloid naturally derived from the Fabaceae family of plants including the genera Laburnum and Cytisus. Recent studies have shown it to be a more effective and significantly more affordable smoking cessation treatment than nicotine replacement therapy. Also known as baptitoxine or sophorine, cytisine has been used as a smoking cessation treatment since 1964 and is relatively unknown in regions outside of central and Eastern Europe. Cytisine is a partial nicotinic acetylcholine agonist with a half-life of 4.8 hours. Recent Phase III clinical trials using Tabex (a brand of Cytisine marketed by Sopharma AD) have shown similar efficacy to varenicline but at a fraction of the cost.
Cytisine is a natural plant pigment with good medicinal and cosmetic uses. In the pharmaceutical industry, the extraction process of indirubin is very important and requires attention to multiple aspects to ensure the quality and safety of the extracted indirubin. The following are precautions for the extraction process of cytisine.
1. Material selection and storage
The extraction of cytisine requires the selection of fresh plant materials, such as indigo blue flower, Changchun flower, purple grass, etc. It is necessary to pay attention to the quality and storage method of the materials, choose fresh, dry, and nonmoldy plant materials, and store them in a dry, ventilated, and nondirect sunlight environment.
2. Selection and dosage of extraction solvent
The extraction of indirubin requires the use of solvents such as ethanol, n-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc. It is necessary to select appropriate solvents based on the properties of the extracted materials and the requirements of the extraction process while controlling the amount of solvents to avoid environmental pollution.
3. Control of the extraction process
The extraction process of cytisine requires controlling multiple factors such as temperature, time, pH value, etc. to ensure extraction rate and product quality. These factors need to be controlled according to the specific extraction process and operated strictly according to the process requirements.
4. Testing and Quality Control
The extraction process of cytisine requires multiple tests and quality control to ensure the quality and safety of the extracted cytisine. It is necessary to use modern analytical instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography for detection and adjust and improve based on the detection results.
In summary, the extraction process of cytisine requires attention to multiple aspects, including material selection and storage, solvent selection and dosage, extraction process control, detection and quality control, etc. It is necessary to strictly follow the extraction process requirements to ensure the quality and safety of the extracted cytisine. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to environmental protection and safety production issues and achieve a safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient extraction process.