Glaucoma: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Eye-Q: Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition that can lead to irreversible vision loss if left untreated. It often develops slowly and without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, which is why regular eye exams are crucial for early detection. Symptoms of glaucoma may include peripheral vision loss, tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights, severe eye pain, nausea, and vomiting in acute cases. However, in many instances, individuals may not experience any symptoms until significant damage has already occurred. The primary cause of glaucoma is increased pressure within the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve is essential for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. Several factors contribute to elevated IOP, including genetics, age, ethnicity (African Americans and Hispanics are at higher risk), and underlying medical conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Additionally, a history of eye injuries or surgeries can also increase the risk. Treatment for glaucoma aims to lower IOP to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This can often be achieved through prescription eye drops, which either decrease the production of aqueous humor (the fluid inside the eye) or improve its drainage. In some cases, oral medications or surgery may be necessary to manage IOP effectively. While treatment can slow down the progression of glaucoma, any vision loss that has occurred as a result of the condition is irreversible. Therefore, early diagnosis and regular monitoring are essential to preserve vision and prevent complications. In conclusion, glaucoma is a serious eye disease characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, often without obvious symptoms in its early stages. Understanding the risk factors and undergoing regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment initiation. By managing intraocular pressure and monitoring changes in vision, individuals diagnosed with glaucoma can significantly reduce the risk of vision loss and maintain eye health over time.