In today's market, the efficiency of solar panels is between 16 and 23%.
This is a long way off before solar panels become the backbone of American industry.
Back in the 1950s, Hoffman Electronics launched the first photovoltaic cell (PV Cell) with an efficiency of only 2%, and the cost of making one of the cells was as high as $1785 per watt.
In the decade from 1950s to 1960s, the company's solar cells were as efficient as 14%.
During the break of the 21st winning combination, the world has entered the future of renewable energy, and climate change solutions are becoming more and more aware and adopted globally.
What is the efficiency of solar panels?
Solar cells are made of various semiconductor materials, similar to computer chips made of silicon.
Computer semiconductors are materials that conduct electricity between conductors (often called metals) and insulators (such as ceramics and glass).
They are usually made of pure elements, such as silicon or germanium.
They are helpful because it is easy to manipulate their behavior by deliberately adding impurities.
By adding impurities, or doping, you can adjust the number of holes and electrons in semiconductors.
Semiconductors with many holes are called P-type semiconductors, and those with many electrons are called N-type semiconductors.
The combination of p-type and n-type semiconductors is called PN junction.
Therefore, when photons hit a PN junction semiconductor or silicon solar cell, the energy is absorbed and electrons flow through the material in the solar cell.
This flow of electrons through solar cells can be extracted into electricity through the grid lines of solar cells.
And how efficient are solar panels?There are several factors that affect the conversion of efficient solar panels, because not all sunlight that hits solar panels / PV cells is converted into electricity.
A considerable amount of it has been lost.
Wavelength-sunlight is made up of photos with a wide range of energy, from ultraviolet to visible spectrum to infrared.
Photons in the visible range are photons that we can observe.
As a result, when a picture of sunlight hits the surface of a solar panel, few photons are reflected from the surface, a small portion of which is converted into heat, and the remaining% of the photons pass through a so-called "photovoltaic effect."
Photons hit the surface of a pn junction, which causes electrons to move to the n-type side and holes to the p-type side, resulting in charge carriers and, as a result, current.
Reorganization-reorganization is another factor affecting the efficiency of solar cells.
When photons hit pn junctions, they are likely to produce charge carriers in the form of negatively charged electrons.
At the same time, another photon can produce a positively charged carrier.
When electrons move to the n-shaped side and encounter holes or vice versa, they are likely to recombine, thus offsetting any contribution they make to the current.
Direct recombination is one of the biggest factors of reverse power generation in solar cells, so it is one of the limiting factors affecting efficiency.
Indirect recombination is a defect in cell structure when holes or electrons interact with impurities.
Temperature-Solar cells work best at low surface cell temperatures.
With the increase of the surface temperature of solar panels, the characteristics of solar cells began to change, and the current (I) increased slightly.
In spite of this, the voltage (V) decreased significantly.
As a result, it results in a decrease in the power output of the panel, so in summer, the temperature of the battery on the panel rises and causes it to be lower than the peak output, while in winter, the solar output is at its peak.

Although the efficiency of solar panels is considered to be one of the most critical indicators, it is not omnipotent when choosing solar panels, because slightly more efficient panels may not equate to better quality.
After all, the quality of solar panel manufacturers is related to actual performance, reliability, manufacturing services and other warranty conditions.